Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2691-3208.ijli-20-3268
Radwan EHCorresponding author
Damanhour University, Faculty of Science, Zoology department, Egypt
Pesticides are the major source of concern as water pollutants. Chlorpyrifos (CPY) (O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate; CAS No. 2921-88-2). CPY is a widely used organophosphate insecticide. The aim of current study was to determine the effects of CPY on the second instar larvae of Culex mosquito as a bio-indicator of water pollution. Levels of CPY in stream water was evaluated. Toxicity of CPY was estimated on mosquito. Along with the evaluation of effects of water polluted with CPY on mosquito to predict the water pollution levels. Results showed that LC95 of CPY was 6331.30 mg/kg after 24hr and increased to 230506.4 ppm after 48hr of exposure. It was noted that the activity of CPY is concentration and time dependent. The 0.09 ppm concentration of CPY (the amount that was found in the stream water) had no effect on the second instar Culex larvae similar to the control (tap water). There is no effect after 72,96h of exposure of the population to the detected insecticide. It could be concluded that mosquito is not a bioindicator of CPY pollution at the detected level in stream water.
Oct 2019
Radwan EHCorresponding author
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt.
Pesticides are the major source of concern as water pollutants. Persistent organochlorines can accumulate in food chains. Chlorpyrifos (O,O -diethyl O -(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate; CAS No. 2921-88-2; CPY). CPY is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide that is available in a granular formulation for treatment in soil. Pesticides are used to control a wide range of pests including Mosquitoes. Mosquito borne diseases infect millions of people every year globally. The aim of current study was to screen the fresh water pollutants, water quality parameter in irrigation water from El Mahmodia stream, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt and to determine the adverse effects of Chlorpyrifos on the larvae of Culex mosquito larvae as bio-indicator. The LC95 of Chloropyrifos insecticide was 6331.30 at 24h and increased to 230506.4 after 48h of exposure to the Chloropyrifos insecticide. It is noted that the effect of the exposure time of Chloropyrifos insecticide on the LC50, LC25 and LC95 values had a synergistic interaction with time, as it increased after 48h of exposure when compared to 24 h of exposure. The 0.09 ppm concentration of Chloropyrifos had no effect on the second instar Culex larvae, as there is no mortality over time; the same result is also with the control 0 ppm. There is no effect after 72, 96h of exposure of the population to the detected insecticide. This study concerns with studying the pollutants along El Mahmodia stream in El Beheira governorate in Abo Homs city with its abundance during the four seasons (2016-2017), as well as studding the physicochemical parameters in it. Another concern of this study is estimating the effect of one of this pesticides (Chloropyrifos) insecticide on the second instar Culex mosquito larvae, determining the lethal concentration of this insecticide on the Culex larvae. Along the study area, pesticides are used within a high ratio on the agriculture scale with its four main categories organophosphates, organochlorine, pyrthoid and carbamates. Organophosphates and organochlorine are used at a wide range. Pollutants measuring achieved by using GC-MS as water samples collected seasonally and analyzed, there is a big number of Pollutants which was found as well as other compounds which are banned, such as DDT. The physicochemical parameters Turbidity, COD, BOD in El Mahmodia stream exceeded the desirable limits of (Egyptian Law 48/1982), (WHO, 1993) and (FAO, 1985) although the other parameters as EC, PH, DO,TDS TSS are to be within the permeable limits. HCO3, NH4. Cu also was found to exceed the desirable limits while, Pb, Mn, Fe and Cd within the permeable limits. Chloropyrfos as an organophosphate pesticide used in the present study which was found with 0.09 mg/l in the stream water, used to estimate its effect on the Culex mortality, determining LC25, LC50 and LC95. The experiment continued for 96 h but after 48 h there is no effect of Chloropyrfos on Culex larvae. The experiment began with 20 second instar Culex larvae immersed in 100 ppm, 10 ppm, 1 ppm, 0.1 ppm and finally 0.09 ppm of Chloropyrfos insecticide with five repeats to each concentration, it is noted that the lethal concentration increase after 48h of experiment, the larval mortality decrease with time.
Oct 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2691-6622.ijar-19-2991
H Radwan ECorresponding author
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of organic pollution of EL-Mahmodia canal on the fish (Oreochromis niloticus)muscles tissues collected from two sites at EL-Mahmodia canal in summer and winter 2017. EL-Mahmodia canal is exposed to excessive of effluents which impact fish. The present results showed high concentrations of organic pollutants, particularly in winter. Organic pollutants were analyzed using the gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A variety of environmental screening studies concerning varieties of water pollutants in Egypt, the target of the present study was to scan the organic pollutants of El-Mahmodia stream at El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt within the muscles of Tilapia fish. Within the present study, it was found that; the analysis of fish muscles in summer season showed a high level of organic pollutants. The organic pollutants that are reported in the muscle of fish in the polluted site were reported as; Dimethomorph-(E), Hexestrol, Diisobutyl phthalate, Diamyl phthalate, Di-n-propyl phthalate, Chlorpyrifos, Phorate sulfoxide, Exaltolide (15-Pentadecanolide), Chlorfenapyr, Pyridate, Ethofumesate, Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, Dicyclohexyl phthalate, Di-n-octyl phthalate, Tricresylphosphate, meta-, XMC (3, 4-Dimethylphenyl N-methyl, XMC (3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-methyl, Hexestrol, Thymol, Kinoprene, Diisobutyl phthalate, Diisobutyl phthalate, Di-n-hexyl phthalate, Di-n-hexyl phthalate, Carbofuran-3-keto, Tefluthrin, cis-, Carbofuran-7-phenol, Carbofuran, Dicyclohexyl phthalate, Di-n-propyl phthalate, Di-n-propyl phthalate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, Ethofumesate, Hexestrol, Kinoprene, Di-n-hexyl phthalate, Exaltolide (15-Pentadecanolide), Spiroxamine metabolite (4-tert-b), Chlorfenapyr, Tricresylphosphate, para, Tricresylphosphate, meta-, Tricresylphosphate, ortho-, XMC (3, 5-Dimethylphenyl N-methyl, XMC (3,4-Dimethylphenyl N-methyl, Fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl ester, Cashmeran, Propargite metabolite (Cyclohexa), and Quinoclamine. The present results showed that Diisobutyl phthalate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, Pyridate and Ethofumesate were detected in winter season in the polluted site, whereas, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and Pyridate were the only organic pollutants that were found in winter in the reference site. The accumulation patterns of organic pollutants percentage in the polluted site in summer in the muscles of O. niloticus were in the following order: Chlorpyrifos> Diamyl phthalate> Diisobutylphthalate> Di-n-butylphthalate> Diamyl phthalate> Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, whereas, in the reference site in summer, it was Chlorpyrifos> Chlorfenapyr> Di-n-butylphthalate> Diisobutylphthalate> Hexestrol> Di-nhexyl phthalate. The accumulation patterns of organic pollutants in the polluted site in winter in the muscles of O. niloticus, were in the following order: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate> Pyridate> Ethofumesate, whereas in the reference site it was; Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate> Pyridate.