Research Topic · Peer-Reviewed

Physiology of Thyroid Gland

The physiology of the thyroid gland concerns how this butterfly-shaped endocrine organ in the anterior neck produces, stores, and releases hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Follicular cells synthesize thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by iodinating the protein thyroglobulin within co…

Curated from this journal's research 📚 6 peer-reviewed articles cited Cited 14× across the literature 🔖 ISSN 2574-4496 🗓 Reviewed July 2026

Overview

The physiology of the thyroid gland concerns how this butterfly-shaped endocrine organ in the anterior neck produces, stores, and releases hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Follicular cells synthesize thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by iodinating the protein thyroglobulin within colloid-filled follicles, releasing these hormones into the circulation under the control of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, while parafollicular C cells secrete calcitonin involved in calcium regulation. Circulating thyroid hormones act on target tissues to set basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, cardiac function, and developmental processes, with feedback maintaining hormonal balance. Understanding normal thyroid function provides the basis for interpreting its disorders and malignancies. Research relevant to this area examines the molecular regulators of thyroid cell behavior, including the requirement of thyroid transcription factor-1 activity for the proliferation of Thyroid Cancer cells, which connects developmental transcriptional control to neoplastic growth. Clinical and epidemiological work addresses the incidence and surgical management of Thyroid Cancer over time, the spectrum of thyroid tumors including rare sarcomas and metastatic lesions, and approaches to optimizing thyroid care. Together these studies link the gland's hormonal physiology and follicular biology to the pathological processes underlying thyroid disease, informing diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment.

Research published in this journal

6 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.

2018

In The Pursuit of The Perfect Thyroid Care

Kumar Sahoo ManasCorresponding author
Consultant Nuclear Medicine & PET/CT, Department of Nuclear Medicine &PET-CT. Medanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, India.
Thyroid Cancer doi:10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-18-1986

How this research is being cited

The 6 articles above have been cited 14 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.

A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Physiology of Thyroid Gland, linking to each citing work.

Editorial oversight

Curated from peer-reviewed research published in Thyroid Cancer (ISSN 2574-4496).

Journal editorial board
Giovanni Mauri · Italy Pamela Pinzani · Italy Byeong-Cheol Ahn · South Korea

This page summarises published research for orientation; it is not medical or professional advice.