Thyroid diseases comprise the spectrum of disorders affecting the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped endocrine organ in the anterior neck that synthesizes the metabolic hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) under hypothalamic-pituitary control. They are broadly divided into disorders of function—hyperthyr…
Thyroid diseases comprise the spectrum of disorders affecting the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped endocrine organ in the anterior neck that synthesizes the metabolic hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) under hypothalamic-pituitary control. They are broadly divided into disorders of function—hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism—and disorders of structure, including diffuse and nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, and benign or malignant neoplasms. Common etiologies range from autoimmunity (Graves disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and iodine imbalance to inflammatory, congenital, and neoplastic processes. Diagnosis integrates clinical assessment with serum TSH and free thyroid hormones, autoantibody panels, ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and histopathology; trace-element and molecular analyses can help separate benign from malignant nodules. Epidemiological and histopathological surveys characterize the distribution of thyroid pathology across populations and hospital settings, and thyroid dysfunction frequently intersects with renal disease, metabolism, and pediatric endocrine practice. Malignant thyroid disease spans differentiated, medullary, and rare mesenchymal tumors, each with distinct management and prognosis, and image-guided ablation and molecular diagnostics are increasingly applied. The journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical and laboratory research across benign and malignant thyroid disorders, their epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment, supporting evidence-based understanding of thyroid health and disease.
12 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 12 articles above have been cited 28 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Thyroid Diseases, linking to each citing work.