Journal of New Developments in Chemistry

Journal of New Developments in Chemistry

Journal of New Developments in Chemistry

Current Issue Volume No: 2 Issue No: 2

Research Article Open Access Available online freely Peer Reviewed Citation

Comparison of an HPLC-MS/MS Method with Multiple Commercial ELISA Kits on the Determination of Levels of 8-oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2'-Deoxyguanosine in Human Urine

Kun-Ming Chen 1,   Ana Calcagnotto 2,   Junjia Zhu 2,   Yuan-Wan Sun 1,   Karam El-Bayoumy 1,   John P. Richie Jr 2  

1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033

2Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033

Abstract

Introduction:

Analysis of 8-oxodG is usually conducted by either chromatography-based methods or by immunochemical methods commonly used based upon their low cost and high-throughput. However, concern regarding the accuracy of ELISA methods has complicated their use. We directly compare the levels of urinary 8-oxodG obtained by HPLC-MS/MS with three commercially available ELISA kits in this report.

Methods:

In the current study, a total of 9 human urine samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and three commonly used commercial available ELISA kits.

Results:

We found that urinary 8-oxodG levels analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS [1.4 ± 0.3 nmol/mmol creatinine) were 7.6- to 23.5-fold lower than those detected by ELISA. Overall, the correlations between ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS were poor but were improved after SPE purification for kits from ENZO (P = 0.2817 without SPE; P = 0.0086 with SPE) and Abcam (P = 0.0596 without SPE; P = 0.0473 with SPE).

Discussion and Conclusion:

While we confirmed that SPE purification can improve the correlation between the selected ELISA kits and HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-MS/MS is still the method of choice to accurately assess the levels of 8-oxodG in human urine.

Author Contributions
Received 18 Oct 2018; Accepted 14 Dec 2018; Published 16 Dec 2018;

Academic Editor: Zhe-Sheng Chenz, Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John’s University, United States.

Checked for plagiarism: Yes

Review by: Single-blind

Copyright ©  2018 Kun-Ming Chen, et al.

License
Creative Commons License     This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Competing interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Citation:

Kun-Ming Chen, Ana Calcagnotto, Junjia Zhu, Yuan-Wan Sun, Karam El-Bayoumy et al. (2018) Comparison of an HPLC-MS/MS Method with Multiple Commercial ELISA Kits on the Determination of Levels of 8-oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2'-Deoxyguanosine in Human Urine. Journal of New Developments in Chemistry - 2(2):1-13. https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-18-2430

Download as RIS, BibTeX, Text (Include abstract )

DOI 10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-18-2430

Introduction

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-oxodG), a mutagenic DNA lesion, is one of the most abundant products of DNA oxidation because guanosine is the most readily oxidized DNA nucleosides 1, 2. It is formed through oxidation at the C8 position of the nucleobase guanine in the DNA by the exposure to hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide radical (O2-·), hydrogen peroxide or singlet oxygen (1O2). Urinary levels of 8-oxodG represent the product of DNA excision repair of oxidative damage, which is a process involves multiple enzymes with complex regulatory mechanisms. Among them, base excision repair (BER) is the major repair mechanism for this lesion 3, 4. Therefore, urinary levels of 8-oxodG in human and rodents are considered to be a non-invasive biomarker for the determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure/damage. The analysis of oxidative DNA damage using 8-oxodG as a biomarker is usually conducted by two major categories of methods: chromatography-based analysis and immunochemical methods. Popular chromatographic methods used to analyze 8-oxodG including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (EC), gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and HPLC tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Among them, HPLC-MS/MS as well as HPLC-MS3 are considered the gold standard method of 8-oxodG analysis, despite of the high cost of the instrument, its maintenance and operation 14, 15, 16. The European Standards Committee on Oxidative Damage reported that the LC-MS/MS method is the best HPLC procedure and provides structural information on the identity of 8-oxodG 17. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an indirect approach for 8-oxodG analysis. The analysis of 8-oxodG by ELISA were criticized for its inter-laboratory variability and poor agreement with chromatographic techniques 18; however, its advantages include the capacity for high-throughput and relatively low in cost 15, that can account for its continued common usage.

Several comparisons of urinary levels of 8-oxodG accessed by LC-MS and ELISA methods have been conducted; however, mixed information has been reported. The European Standards Committee for Urinary (DNA) Lesion Analysis (ESCULA) had reported that ELISA demonstrated more within-technique variation than chromatographic methods and showed higher measurements 19. Rossner et al reported that purification of urine by solid phase extraction (SPE) significantly improved the agreement between ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS methods in the determination of urinary 8-oxodG 15; however, the accuracy and specificity of ELISA approaches in urine and saliva even after SPE purification was questioned by other investigators 20, 21. Consequently, it has been stated that current ELISA approaches are not suitable to replace the chromatographic methods for 8-oxodG 18. In the reported HPLC-MS/MS methods, the internal standard was added prior to SPE purification to give accurate estimation of the urinary level of 8-oxodG by HPLC-MS/MS 15, 18. However, this approach may not provide results that are directly comparable to ELISA where 8-oxodG is determined only after SPE. Thus, our present goal was to perform unbiased comparison of the levels of urinary 8-oxodG obtained from both HPLC-MS/MS method with multiple ELISA kits when internal standard was added after SPE purification. To this end and in contrast to previous reports that employed only a single ELISA kit 15{Cooke, 2006 #10}, we have used three commonly used commercial available ELISA kits.

Experimental

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Penn State College of Medicine (IRB # 22701) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 as revised in 1983. All clinical activities were conducted at the Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA. Healthy male and female non-smokers, 30–79 years of age, were enrolled by the study coordinator from the local Hershey/Harrisburg area. Urine samples were obtained and stored at -80°C until analysis. In the current study, a total of 9 urine samples from the above subjects were used.

Instrumentation and Reagents

[15N5]dG was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. Env+Isolute cartridges used for solid phase extraction was purchased from Biotage (Uppsala, Sweden). Three microplate ELISA kits from commercial sources were used (Cayman Chemical, MI [item no. 589320]; ENZO Life Sciences, NY [cat. no. ADI-EKS-350]; Abcam, MA, (cat. no. ab201734]). UV spectroscopy (Beckman Coulter DU 640 spectrophotometer) was used. ELISA quantification was conducted using a Bio-Tek Synergy HT microplate reader. An API 3200™ LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystem) interfaced with an Agilent 1200 series HPLC was used to conduct the MS/MS analysis of 8-oxodG.

Methods

Purification of Urinary 8-oxodG by Solid-Phase Extraction

Urine samples were thawed and then spun at 16,000g for 10 min. The urine samples (0.5 ml) were subjected to solid phase extraction (SPE) using Env+ Isolute cartridges. Samples were diluted 1:1 with deionized water, and the columns were preconditioned with 1 ml methanol followed by 1 ml H2O. Diluted urine samples were loaded onto the columns and washed twice with 300 μl H2O. The fraction contains 8-oxodG was eluted in 2 × 300 μl of 20% (v/v) acetonitrile in methanol, and concentrated under mild N2 stream to dryness.

Elisa

The residue obtained from SPE purification was dissolved in EIA buffer to a level equivalent to 1:150 or up to 1:600 dilution of urine to achieve better accuracy in the competitive ELISA method. Microplate ELISA kits were used according to their manufacturer’s instructions. Analyses were performed in duplicates. Quantification of oxidative markers was measured with a microplate reader.

Preparation of [15N5]8-OxodG

The levels of urinary 8-oxodG were evaluated using the stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method, and [15N5]8-oxodG as an internal standard. The preparation of [15N5]8-oxodG was modified from a previously published method [22]. In brief, [15N5]dG (2.5 mg) was dissolved in 2.5 mL of distilled water under ice bath. Afterwards, 175 μL of 170 mM ascorbic acid (freshly prepared), 175 μL of 20 mM copper(II) sulfate were added into the stirred solution. To the above mixture, 125 μL of 30% H2O2 was added drop wise. The reaction mixture was kept under ice bath for 2 hr. The resulted [15N5]8-oxodG was purified by a ODS-AQ reversed-phase 5 µm 6.0 mm × 250 mm (120 Å) column (YMC, Wilmington, NC), using a CH3CN/H2O gradient on a Agilent series 1100 HPLC system (Palo Alto, CA). The column was eluted using a gradient at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with solvent A (H2O) and solvent B (CH3CN). The gradient used was 5% B isocratic for 5 min followed by a linear gradient to 8% over 15 min, followed by another isocratic elution with 8% for 5 min, and another linear gradient to 20% over 5 min, followed by another gradient to 100% over 10 min. The HPLC elution was monitored by UV absorbance at 254 nm. The fractions corresponding to [15N5]8-oxodG were collected, pooled and further purified with another round of HPLC purification using the same program described above. The collected sample was dried by Speed-Vac or under a mild stream of N2. The amount of the 8-oxodG was calculated using the extinction coefficient for 8-oxodG (ε = 10300 M-1 cm-1 at 293 nm) by UV spectroscopy (Beckman Coulter DU 640 spectrophotometer) 22.

HPLC-MS/MS Analysis of 8-oxodG

After SPE purification, urine samples were re-dissolved in H2O to a level equivalent to 1:5 dilution of urine. Then, 4 µL of the solution was mixed with 2 pmole of [15N5]8-oxodG into the solution before LC-MS/MS analysis. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis was conducted using a API 3200™ LC-MS/MS triple quadruple mass spectrometer using an Agilent extend-c18, 5 um, 4.6 × 150 mm column. We used the positive mode to perform the electrospray ionization (ESI). Certain MS parameters were optimized and set to use as follows: electrospray source temperature and voltage were 400°C and 5 kV, respectively; the declustering potential (DP), collision energy (CE), entrance potential (EP), and cell exit potential (CXP) were 18, 19, 10 and 3 ev, respectively; the collision activated dissociation (CAD) gas was set at 5 psi, while the curtain gas was set at 20 psi. The flow rate was 200 ul/min, and the elution solvent system was solvent A (methanol containing 0.1% formic acid) and solvent B (water containing 0.1% formic acid). The following gradient was used: initially, it was isocratic elution with 10% A for 5 min, followed by a gradient to 70% A in 5 min, followed by 70% A in 10 min, continued to 90% A in 30 min, and 90% A was held for another 5 min. The 8-oxodG was monitored in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The MS/MS transitions of m/z 284→ m/z 168, and m/z 289→ m/z 173 were for 8-oxodG and [15N5]8-oxodG, respectively. To determine the recovery of 8-oxodG for solid phase extraction, 2 pmole of 8-oxodG was added into 0.25 µL D-H2O, then 4 pmole of of [15N5]8-oxodG was added into each sample before or after solid phase extraction in triplicate. The level of recovered 8-oxodG was subsequently analyzed by LC-MS/MS.

Calibration Curves for 8-oxodG by LC-MS/MS

A Calibration curve was constructed by mixing unlabelled 8-oxodG (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 pmole), 2 pmole of [15N5]8-oxodG and SPE purified urine obtained from healthy donors. The mixture was analyzed by the HPLC-MS/MS using the MRM method described above. Subsequently, the calibration curve was validated by spiking known amount of 8-oxodG into the SPE purified urine and determined by our HPLC-MS/MS system.

Creatinine Assay

Urinary creatinine was determined by reacting with picrate as described previously so as to normalize the urinary levels of 8-oxodG 23.

Statistical Analysis

Summary statistics such as mean and standard deviation were reported for each 8-oxodG measurement. The comparisons between pairs of measurements were conducted using paired-sample T-test. For the same pairs, their associations were examined by using Spearmen correlations. Scatter-plots were generated to graphically show their associations. All analyses were done using statistical software SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Significance level being used was 0.05.

Results

Preparation of [15N5]8-OxodG

The stable isotope labeled [15N5]8-oxodG was synthesized according to a procedure previously published by Singh et al with modification [22]. The [15N5]dG was oxidized to [15N5]8-oxodG under a very mild condition, and the reaction was allowed to proceed to almost completion as seen in Figure 1; our procedure clearly makes purification simpler. As compared to the previous report, the overall yield of [15N5]8-oxodG was improved after multiple HPLC purification and 422 nmol [15N5]8-oxodG was obtained derived from 9.2 µmol of [15N5]dG.

Figure 1.A representative HPLC chromatogram for the separation of the reaction mixture containing 8-oxodG and dG.
A representative HPLC chromatogram for the separation of the reaction mixture containing 8-oxodG and dG.

Calibration Curves for 8-oxodG by LC-MS/MS

A calibration curve was constructed for 8-oxodG by LC-MS/MS in the presence of a matrix equivalent to 20 µL of urine. In Figure 2, the calibration curve appears to be linear (r2= 0.9997). Under our experimental condition, the detection limit for 8-oxodG was 30 fmol, and the recovery of 8-oxodG for the SPE method was determined to be 98%.

Figure 2.Calibration curve for 8-oxodG with urine matrix.
Calibration curve for 8-oxodG with urine matrix.

Analysis of 8-oxodG in the Urine

A total of 9 urine samples from individual subjects were analyzed for their levels of 8-oxodG as an oxidative marker by both ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS. A representative HPLC-MS/MS chromatogram for the detection of urinary 8-oxodG is shown in Figure 3. The results of urinary levels of 8-oxodG obtained by both methods are summarized in Table 1. Among the 9 urine samples we analyzed, the average level of 8-oxodG was 6.2 ± 2.2 ng/mL urine or 1.4 ± 0.3 nmol/mmol creatinine by HPLC-MS/MS with SPE purification. In Experiment 1, results from the Cayman kit were compared with those from HPLC-MS/MS method and results were expressed as ng/mL urine. In Experiment 2, all three ELISA kits and HPLC-MS/MS were compared and results were standardized with creatinine to simplify the comparison procedure. In Experiment 1, results obtained from ELISA after SPE were 13.7-fold higher than those from HPLC-MS/MS. In Experiment 2, the average levels obtained by ELISA without SPE purification were 2.3-fold, 2.6-fold and 4.7-fold higher than after SPE for Cayman, ENZO and Abcam kits, respectively. All ELISA results were 7.6- to 23.5-fold higher than those obtained by HPLC-MS/MS. Levels of variation as assessed by %CV were substantially lower for HPLC-MS/MS than for ELISA.

Figure 3.A representative chromatogram of the detection of urinary 8-oxodG obtained from stable isotope dilution HPLC-MS/MS analysis of urine from human subjects. The HPLC trace of internal standard is indicated in red, and the HPLC trace of 8-oxodG in the analyzed sample is indicated in blue.
A representative chromatogram of the detection of urinary 8-oxodG obtained from stable isotope dilution HPLC-MS/MS analysis of urine from human subjects. The HPLC trace of internal standard is indicated in red, and the HPLC trace of 8-oxodG in the analyzed sample is indicated in blue.

Table 1. Levels of urinary 8-oxodG assessed by ELISA and LC-MS/MS.
8-oxodG concentration
Without SPE* With SPE*
Method(units) Mean ± SD %CV Mean ± SD %CV
Experiment 1 HPLC-MS/MS(ng/mL urine) 6.2 ± 2.2 35.5
Cayman(ng/mL urine) 85.2 ± 44.7 52.5
Experiment 2 HPLC-MS/MS(nmol/mmol creatinine) 1.4 ± 0.3 21.4
Cayman(nmol/mmol creatinine) 77.0 ± 40.5 52.6 33.0 ± 14.6 44.2
ENZO(nmol/mmol creatinine) 38.6 ±23.3 60.4 14.7 ± 9.8 66.7
Abcam(nmol/mmol creatinine) 49.9 ± 36.4 74.9 10.7 ± 10.7 100

To compare results obtained from the different ELISA kits, we performed both paired sample T tests as well as correlational analyses (Table 2, Figure 4). Figure 4A, Figure 4B, Figure 4C showed their associations without SPE purification, and Figure 4D, Figure 4E, Figure 4F, are with SPE purification. In general, we found that results differed between kits with the exception of Abcam and ENZO, where the levels with significantly correlated between kits either with or without SPE purification (P<0.002) (Figure 4C and Figure 4F). However, despite this correlation, a significant difference in levels was observed between the two kits after SPE purification by paired T-test (P = 0.0001) (Table 2). The measurements between kits from Cayman and ENZO were also different both with SPE (P = 0.0182) and without SPE (P = 0.0065) purification by paired T-test.

Figure 4.Correlations of levels of urinary 8-oxodG from human subjects between samples (A) analyzed by ELISA (ENZO) and ELISA (Cayman) without SPE, (B) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (Cayman) without SPE, (C) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (ENZO) without SPE, (D) analyzed by ELISA (ENZO) and ELISA (Cayman) with SPE, (E) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (Cayman) with SPE, and (C) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (ENZO) with SPE.
Correlations of levels of urinary 8-oxodG from human subjects between samples (A) analyzed by ELISA (ENZO) and ELISA (Cayman) without SPE, (B) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (Cayman) without SPE, (C) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (ENZO) without SPE, (D) analyzed by ELISA (ENZO) and ELISA (Cayman) with SPE, (E) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (Cayman) with SPE, and (C) analyzed by ELISA (Abcam) and ELISA (ENZO) with SPE.

Table 2. Statistical Comparison of urinary 8-oxodG levels assessed by ELISA and LC-MS/MS.
Pairs of measures SPE* p-value for spearman correlation P-value for paired-sample T-test correlation
ELISA (Cayman) vs ELISA (ENZO) No P=0.1250 P=0.0065 See Fig 4A
Yes P=0.5755 P=0.0182 See Fig 4D
ELISA (Cayman) vs ELISA (Abcam) No P=0.3807 P=0.0937 See Fig 4B
Yes P=0.6682 P=0.0737 See Fig 4E
ELISA (ENZO) vs ELISA (Abcam) No P=0.0016 P=0.1254 See Fig 4C
Yes P=0.0009 P=0.0001 See Fig 4F
ELISA (Cayman) vsHPLC-MS/MS No P=0.7139 P=0.0005 See Fig 5A
Yes P=0.4841 P=0.0002 See Fig 5D
ELISA (ENZO) vsHPLC-MS/MS No P=0.2817 P=0.0013 See Fig 5B
Yes P=0.0086 P=0.0032 See Fig 5E
ELISA (Abcam) vsHPLC-MS/MS No P=0.0596 P=0.0038 See Fig 5C
Yes P=0.0473 P=0.0006 See Fig 5F
*only applied to ELISA kits. All samples analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS were pre-purified by SPE.

We also examined the association between the urinary 8-oxodG levels measured by the three ELISA kits vs. those measured by HPLC-MS/MS (Table 2, Figure 5). As determined by paired T tests, levels determined by each ELISA procedure were significantly different from those obtained by HPLC-MS/MS. However, significant correlations were observed for some kits. Overall, the correlations were improved after SPE purification with the levels measured using the kits from ENZO (P = 0.2817 without SPE; P = 0.0086 with SPE) and Abcam (P = 0.0596 without SPE; P = 0.0473 with SPE). No correlation was found even after SPE purification for the levels measured by kit from Cayman vs. by HPLC-MS/MS.

Figure 5.Correlations of levels of urinary 8-oxodG from human subjects between samples (A) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Cayman, without SPE), (B) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (ENZO, without SPE), (C) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Abcam, without SPE), (D) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Cayman, with SPE), (E) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (ENZO, with SPE), and (F) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Abcam, with SPE).
Correlations of levels of urinary 8-oxodG from human subjects between samples (A) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Cayman, without SPE), (B) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (ENZO, without SPE), (C) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Abcam, without SPE), (D) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Cayman, with SPE), (E) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (ENZO, with SPE), and (F) analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA (Abcam, with SPE).

Discussion

Urinary 8-oxodG is a commonly used biomarker of oxidative damage to DNA and overall oxidative stress in animal models and in clinical investigations. While HPLC methods are clearly superior for accurate quantification and structural confirmation, ELISA methods are often used based on their ease of use, higher throughput and lower costs; key factors for studies involving large numbers of samples. However, since several studies have brought into question the accuracy and precision of available ELISA techniques, results from studies using this methodology have been questioned 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. In order to provide unbiased comparison between the two methods, we have conducted side-by-side analyses of urinary 8-oxodG using HPLC-MS/MS and three commonly used commercially available ELISA kits with sample purification techniques which allow for the valid comparisons across methods. Results suggest that the ELISAs tested do not allow for an accurate determination of 8-oxodG likely as a result of cross-reactivity with related compounds in urine. However, two of the ELISA methods resulted in values which were significantly correlated with those obtained by HPLC-MS/MS, particularly after SPE purification. Thus, these ELISAs may find utility as general oxidative stress markers while lacking selectivity for 8-oxodG.

The SPE method used in this study was previously reported to have a 88% recovery of 8-oxodG 29, and it is 98% in our experiment. Therefore, the addition of internal standard post SPE purification would result in an under-estimation of the urinary level of 8-oxodG by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. However, the urinary levels of 8-oxodG we detected by HPLC-MS/MS are still comparable with reported data 15, 29, 30. For a direct comparison between the urinary levels of 8-oxodG analyzed by the selected ELISA kits and HPLC-MS/MS, urine samples were purified by SPE before the addition of internal standard. Although we understand that the internal standard should be added before SPE purification to accurately determine the urinary levels of 8-oxodG by HPLC-MS/MS, we want to emphasize that to give a unbiased comparison between HPLC-MS/MS and ELISA, the internal standard should be added after.

It is not a surprise that the ELISA kits employed in this study detected higher level of 8-oxodG in the urine because it has been observed that the antibodies used for 8-oxodG detection can react with numerous oxidized guanine species; 8-oxodG from DNA, 8-hydroxyguanosine from RNA, and 8-hydroxyguanine from either DNA or RNA, even if they are more specific to 8-oxodG. In addition, it was reported that other high molecular weight components in urine may also contribute to this disagreement 31. In the current study, the results obtained using these selected ELISA kits showed only 43% (Cayman), 38% (ENZO) and 21.4% (Abcam) recoveries after SPE purification (Table 1), further supporting that lack of selectivity of the ELISA methods for 8-oxodG.

We anticipated that the levels of 8-oxodG in urine samples analyzed by ELISA after SPE purification would have a better association with those analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS based on a previous report 15; the authors demonstrated that purification of urine samples by SPE can improve the correlation between these two methods. However, a recent report from this group showed that ELISA still cannot be considered as a robust alternative to HPLC-MS/MS after an inter-laboratory comparison (18]. Our results indicate that the levels of this oxidative stress marker in urine detected by these selected ELISA kits are higher than those analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS after SPE purification; however, the SPE purification did improve the correlation between these two methods in at least two of the ELISA kits used in this study. This is the first time that these three ELISA kits were evaluated against LC-MS method. Therefore, our data further demonstrated and proved that the chromatographic method is more accurate and sensitive than the ELISA.

Conclusion

We conclude that the SPE purification can improve the correlation between the selected ELISA kits and HPLC-MS/MS, but HPLC-MS/MS is still the method of choice to assess the accurate levels of urinary 8-oxodG.

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (under Award Number P50-DA-036107), NCI (R01-CA173465) and NIEHS ( R21ES020411) of the National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the Food and Drug Administration.

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